Chemical Energy: evaporation/ combustion: involves releasing energy To download Natural Resources class 9 Notes Science, sample paper for class 9 Mathematics, Social Science, Science, English ; do . These notes will certainly save your time during stressful exam days. Our planet is not an isolated system: we are losing heat energy, Conduction- heat is transferred from high T to low T It also declared the decade 1990-2000 as the International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction (IDNDR). Hence, with the increase in distance from the sea, the force of the cyclone decreases. DISEASES, MAN-MADE DISASTERS 1. 6. How is Tsunami formed? Nudity or sexual content Hateful, harmful, violent, or abusive content . The Ozone layer around the earth, if, dwindles further may cause Health hazards including Cancers . Temperature decreases with height (up to 9-15 km above ground: the troposphere). FOREST FIRES 5. OCR A Level GeographyPast Papers Steers weather systems The page to page information is very easy to moderate and understand at any age level. and areas of intense human activities, particularly those related to construction of roads, dams, etc. Evaporation of water (eg. 2. Earthquakes in India: National Geophysical Laboratory, Geological Survey of India, Department of Meteorology, Government of India, along with the recently formed National Institute of Disaster Management, have made an intensive analysis of more than 1,200 earthquakes that have occurred in India in different years in the past, and based on these, they divided India into the following five earthquake zones: (i) Very high damage risk zone (ii) High damage risk zone (iii) Moderate damage risk zone (iv) Very low damage risk zone. Hydrological for example, flooding, waveaction or glaciers3. Channel-blocking due to rock-falls have far-reaching consequences, 4. It takes a day (or longer) before the Coriolis effect becomes significant. Density (mass per unit volume ) also decreases with height if T is constant (p = During his reign, he founded Justiniana Prima not far from his birthplace. Consequences of Landslides 1. Correlation with known variability Forces in vertical (momentum balance) Meteorological hazards. Horizontal pressure gradient Pages may have considerable notes/highlighting. V. Slopes covered with grass more prone to this hazard. The steps that can help in minimising the damages of cyclonesare- 1. Out of these, the first two zones had experienced some of the most devastating earthquakes in India. To Study Revision Notes - Natural Hazards and Disasters, Class 11, Geography for Humanities/Arts this is your one stop solution. Ocean depth of at least 60m deep. The major natural hazard in the region is drought brought about due to the hot arid climate and very dry sandy soils. increases earthquakes; droughts; occasional cyclonic disturbances from the Indian Ocean bring heavy rains and flash floods. It also accepted that these disasters affected the poor and disadvantageous groups the worst, particularly in the developing countries, which are ill-equipped to cope with them. Introduction of the Disaster Management Bill, 2005 and establishment of National Institute of Disaster Management are some examples of positive steps taken by Government of India. Remote sensing and satellite imageries can be useful in identifying the possible river-basins that can be inter-linked and in identifying the ground water potential. Course Hero uses AI to attempt to automatically extract content from documents to surface to you and others so you can study better, e.g., in search results, to enrich docs, and more. Users can download CBSE guide quick revision notes from myCBSEguide mobile app and my CBSE guide website. What is a Disaster? Construction of bunds to reduce the flow of water. The revision notes covers all important formulas and concepts given in the chapter. So, the coastal areas are often struck by severe cyclonic storms with an average velocity of 180 km/h. Construction of dams, 3. This preview shows page 1 - 5 out of 74 pages. Horizontal pressure gradient is much less at lower altitude Establishment of National Institute of Disaster Management, India, Earth Summit at Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 1993 and the World Conference on Disaster Management in May 1994 at Yokohama, Japan, etc. End of preview. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Heat is transferred from inner body to form warm layer of air outside the Consequently, now, human beings tend to intensify their activities into disaster-prone areas increasing their vulnerability to disasters. Energy is conserved in an isolated system Archimedes Principle - buoyancy (upwards force; pressure gradient force) = sweat); cools down the body temperature Dissemination of knowledge about drought-resistant crops and proper training to practice the same can be some of the long-term measures that will be helpful in drought-mitigation. 0= Fin - Fout, Thermoregulation of human body to stay warm TSUNAMIS 7. Lecture 4 (Jan. 17) - Noboru Nakamura Natural Hazards winter quarter- "Physics of Natural Hazards, Lecture 10 (Feb. 12) - Noboru Nakamura Natural Hazards winter quarter- "Weather Makers and Climate, Natural hazards lecture notes part 1- week 1-5, Lecture 5 (Jan. 22) - Noboru Nakamura Natural Hazards winter quarter- "Physics of Natural Hazards, Lecture 7 (Jan. 29) - Noboru Nakamura Natural Hazards winter quarter- "Physics of Natural Hazards, Lecture 8 (Jan. 31) - Noboru Nakamura Natural Hazards winter quarter- "Physics of Natural Hazards, Planes flying against jet stream causes different travel times for the same distance distribution of hurricanes. All the Himalayan states and the states from the north-eastern regions except the plains of Assam are included in the high vulnerability zones. Atmosphere absorbs IR from the ground (terrestrial radiation) and reemits IR radiation . Quite a potent mechanism which removes heat from the body Ocean: Loss of water in vapour form, and water is returned in liquid form: net imbalance Meanders and fluctuates Diurnal and seasonal cycles - seasonal to multi-year climate weight of the displaced fluid If 2 pressure forces were equal to each other NO NET RESULTANT FORCE India has been divided into a number of zones. Thermal radiation (a function of wavelength) Edexcel A Level Geography Past Papers Restriction on the construction and other developmental activities such as roads and dams, 2. RH increases and when it hits 100, clouds start to form 3. Evaporation, 3. This negative effect is what we call a natural disaster. The paper notes that there are at least 325 million impoverished people living in 49 countries that will be most exposed to a range of natural disasters and extreme climates, and those are the . Construction of reservoirs and dams, 9. CAUSES, CONSEQUENCES, AND MANAGEMENT This unit deals with Floods and droughts Earthquakes and tsunami Cyclones Landslides. Horizontally, it extends up to 500- 1,000 km and vertically from surface to 12-14 km. Shouldnt change very quickly.. robust Cameroon (4,095 m), which last erupted in 2000, is the most frequently active volcano in West Africa; lakes in Oku volcanic field have released fatal levels of gas on occasion, killing some 1,700 people in 1986, continuous permafrost in north is a serious obstacle to development; cyclonic storms form east of the Rocky Mountains, a result of the mixing of air masses from the Arctic, Pacific, and North American interior, and produce most of the country's rain and snow east of the mountains, volcanism: the vast majority of volcanoes in Western Canada's Coast Mountains remain dormant, hot, dry, dusty harmattan winds affect northern areas; floods are common, hot, dry, dusty harmattan winds occur in north; periodic droughts; locust plagues, severe earthquakes; active volcanism; tsunamis, volcanism: significant volcanic activity due to more than three-dozen active volcanoes along the Andes Mountains; Lascar (5,592 m), which last erupted in 2007, is the most active volcano in the northern Chilean Andes; Llaima (3,125 m) in central Chile, which last erupted in 2009, is another of the country's most active; Chaiten's 2008 eruption forced major evacuations; other notable historically active volcanoes include Cerro Hudson, Calbuco, Copahue, Guallatiri, Llullaillaco, Nevados de Chillan, Puyehue, San Pedro, and Villarrica; see note 2 under "Geography - note", frequent typhoons (about five per year along southern and eastern coasts); damaging floods; tsunamis; earthquakes; droughts; land subsidence, volcanism: China contains some historically active volcanoes including Changbaishan (also known as Baitoushan, Baegdu, or P'aektu-san), Hainan Dao, and Kunlun although most have been relatively inactive in recent centuries, the narrow fringing reef surrounding the island can be a maritime hazard, subject to tropical storms and hurricanes from May to October, highlands subject to volcanic eruptions; occasional earthquakes; periodic droughts, volcanism: Galeras (4,276 m) is one of Colombia's most active volcanoes, having erupted in 2009 and 2010 causing major evacuations; it has been deemed a Decade Volcano by the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior, worthy of study due to its explosive history and close proximity to human populations; Nevado del Ruiz (5,321 m), 129 km (80 mi) west of Bogota, erupted in 1985 producing lahars (mudflows) that killed 23,000 people; the volcano last erupted in 1991; additionally, after 500 years of dormancy, Nevado del Huila reawakened in 2007 and has experienced frequent eruptions since then; other historically active volcanoes include Cumbal, Dona Juana, Nevado del Tolima, and Purace, cyclones possible during rainy season (December to April); volcanic activity on Grand Comore, volcanism: Karthala (2,361 m) on Grand Comore Island last erupted in 2007; a 2005 eruption forced thousands of people to be evacuated and produced a large ash cloud, periodic droughts in south; Congo River floods (seasonal); active volcanoes in the east along the Great Rift Valley, volcanism: Nyiragongo (3,470 m), which erupted in 2002 and is experiencing ongoing activity, poses a major threat to the city of Goma, home to a quarter million people; the volcano produces unusually fast-moving lava, known to travel up to 100 km /hr; Nyiragongo has been deemed a Decade Volcano by the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior, worthy of study due to its explosive history and close proximity to human populations; its neighbor, Nyamuragira, which erupted in 2010, is Africa's most active volcano; Visoke is the only other historically active volcano, occasional earthquakes, hurricanes along Atlantic coast; frequent flooding of lowlands at onset of rainy season and landslides; active volcanoes, volcanism: Arenal (1,670 m), which erupted in 2010, is the most active volcano in Costa Rica; a 1968 eruption destroyed the town of Tabacon; Irazu (3,432 m), situated just east of San Jose, has the potential to spew ash over the capital city as it did between 1963 and 1965; other historically active volcanoes include Miravalles, Poas, Rincon de la Vieja, and Turrialba, coast has heavy surf and no natural harbors; during the rainy season torrential flooding is possible, the east coast is subject to hurricanes from August to November (in general, the country averages about one hurricane every other year); droughts are common, Curacao is south of the Caribbean hurricane belt and is rarely threatened, flooding is a threat in some areas of the country (e.g., parts of Jutland, along the southern coast of the island of Lolland) that are protected from the sea by a system of dikes, earthquakes; droughts; occasional cyclonic disturbances from the Indian Ocean bring heavy rains and flash floods, volcanism: experiences limited volcanic activity; Ardoukoba (298 m) last erupted in 1978; Manda-Inakir, located along the Ethiopian border, is also historically active, flash floods are a constant threat; destructive hurricanes can be expected during the late summer months, volcanism: Dominica was the last island to be formed in the Caribbean some 26 million years ago, it lies in the middle of the volcanic island arc of the Lesser Antilles that extends from the island of Saba in the north to Grenada in the south; of the 16 volcanoes that make up this arc, five are located on Dominica, more than any other island in the Caribbean: Morne aux Diables (861 m), Morne Diablotins (1,430 m), Morne Trois Pitons (1,387 m), Watt Mountain (1,224 m), which last erupted in 1997, and Morne Plat Pays (940 m); the two best known volcanic features on Dominica, the Valley of Desolation and the Boiling Lake thermal areas, lie on the flanks of Watt Mountain and both are popular tourist destinations, lies in the middle of the hurricane belt and subject to severe storms from June to October; occasional flooding; periodic droughts, frequent earthquakes; landslides; volcanic activity; floods; periodic droughts, volcanism: volcanic activity concentrated along the Andes Mountains; Sangay (5,230 m), which erupted in 2010, is mainland Ecuador's most active volcano; other historically active volcanoes in the Andes include Antisana, Cayambe, Chacana, Cotopaxi, Guagua Pichincha, Reventador, Sumaco, and Tungurahua; Fernandina (1,476 m), a shield volcano that last erupted in 2009, is the most active of the many Galapagos volcanoes; other historically active Galapagos volcanoes include Wolf, Sierra Negra, Cerro Azul, Pinta, Marchena, and Santiago, periodic droughts; frequent earthquakes; flash floods; landslides; hot, driving windstorms called khamsin occur in spring; dust storms; sandstorms, known as the Land of Volcanoes; frequent and sometimes destructive earthquakes and volcanic activity; extremely susceptible to hurricanes, volcanism: significant volcanic activity; San Salvador (1,893 m), which last erupted in 1917, has the potential to cause major harm to the country's capital, which lies just below the volcano's slopes; San Miguel (2,130 m), which last erupted in 2002, is one of the most active volcanoes in the country; other historically active volcanoes include Conchaguita, Ilopango, Izalco, and Santa Ana, volcanism: Santa Isabel (3,007 m), which last erupted in 1923, is the country's only historically active volcano; Santa Isabel, along with two dormant volcanoes, form Bioko Island in the Gulf of Guinea, frequent droughts, rare earthquakes and volcanoes; locust swarms, volcanism: Dubbi (1,625 m), which last erupted in 1861, was the country's only historically active volcano until Nabro (2,218 m) came to life on 12 June 2011, geologically active Great Rift Valley susceptible to earthquakes, volcanic eruptions; frequent droughts, volcanism: volcanic activity in the Great Rift Valley; Erta Ale (613 m), which has caused frequent lava flows in recent years, is the country's most active volcano; Dabbahu became active in 2005, forcing evacuations; other historically active volcanoes include Alayta, Dalaffilla, Dallol, Dama Ali, Fentale, Kone, Manda Hararo, and Manda-Inakir, flooding along coasts; avalanches in mountainous area; earthquakes in the south; volcanic eruptions in Italy; periodic droughts in Spain; ice floes in the Baltic Sea region, strong winds and heavy rains can occur throughout the year, cyclonic storms can occur from November to January. As compared to these, the earthquakes associated with volcanic eruption, rock fall, landslides, subsidence, particularly in the mining areas, impounding of dams and reservoirs, etc. Afforestation, 4. Natural hazards are addressed by a range of regulatory processes, some of which arise under the Building Act 2004. Causes of Earthquake 1. Falling debris including soil, rock, snow, and ice. 3. Decompression (i) Extreme Drought Affected Areas (ii) Severe Drought Prone Area (Hi) Moderate Drought Affected Area Different natural calamities, their causes and measures to reduce their impact Class 11 Geography Notes Chapter 7 Important Terms: Indiscriminate deforestation 7. As compared to natural hazards, disasters, which are caused by natural forces or activities of human beings, are relatively sudden and cause large scale, widespread death, loss of property and disturbance to social life. It renders them homeless, which puts an extra-pressure and stress, particularly on the weak economy of the developing countries. In India, the force of the cyclone decreases with increase in distance from the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea. Responsible for large scale weather patterns EARTHQUAKES: Earthquakes are by far the most unpredictable and highly destructive of all the natural disasters. 0 micro metre, Sun and Earth (No maximum in the summer poles.) Science and Policy of Natural Hazards. It is more in the shallow water than in the ocean deep. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION 6. normalize data points required - problem with rare/extreme Unconsolidated material in the water due to higher rate of soil erosion 10. Natural Hazards of India. Construction of cyclone shelters, embankments, dykes, reservoirs, 2. Statistics (frequency of past events) These disaster areas are the home for most hungry in the world. The sea water flows across the coast along with strong winds and heavy downpour. Slow in air but 25 times faster in water (therefore relatively inefficient -Hazard mitigation is complex and resources are limited, 1.forecasting and structure reinforcement, Example: damage by shaking in an earthquake, wind damage from, Example: fires caused by an earthquake or tsunami, nuclear power, Example: diseases, economic problems, cultural damage, radiation, higher relative impacts in developing countries, a. like building homes on sea-cliffs or flood plains, a. clear-cutting which destabilizes soils, A system is any part of the universe that can be distinguished for the. Provision for the distribution of safe drinking water, 2. Socio-Environmental Consequences of Earthquakes The idea of an earthquake is often associated with fear and horror due to the scale, magnitude and suddenness at which it spreads disasters on the surface of the earth without discrimination. Historical average may or may not be give the best probability distribution Floods destroy valuable crops every year. As unsaturated parcels go up the slope, the expansion causes the air temperature to drop Wind chill advisory - wind chill temp is forecasted to be between -20F to Disaster is an undesirable occurrence resulting from forces that are largely outside human control, strikes quickly with little or no warning, which causes or threatens serious disruption of life and property including death and injury to a large number of people, and requires therefore, mobilisation of efforts in excess of that which are normally provided by statutory emergency services. Latent heat MITIGATION 1. there was uniform atmospheric pressure on Earth, Temperature variation Table 7.2: Classification of Natural Disasters. Blow from west to east in both hemispheres Over many decades, the change in temperature will change probability probability distribution! Severe Drought Prone Area: Parts of eastern Rajasthan, most parts of Madhya Pradesh, eastern parts of Maharashtra, interior parts of Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka Plateau, northern parts of interior Tamil Nadu and southern parts of Jharkhand and interior Orissa are included in this category. With this, natural hazards are naturally occurring physical phenomena caused either by rapid or slow onset events, which pose a risk to human life and property.
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