Derawar Fort in the Cholistan Desert is the site for the annual Cholistan Jeep Rally. Desai as evidence of "striking degree of tolerance" by Muslim Sultans. and declined rapidly 1,000 years later, following the Indo-Aryan migrations that overran the region in waves between 1500 and 500 B.C. Later, the region was conquered by the Afghans under Ahmad Shah Durrani; the Afghan Empire eventually lost control of Punjab as a result of the AfghanSikh Wars. In 1876, northern Baluchistan became one of the Presidencies and provinces of British India in colonial India. Manan Ahmed Asif criticizes the very premises of recovering portions of Chachnama as a historical chronicle of Muslim conquest; he argues that the site and times of production dictated its entire content, and that it must be read in entirety, as an original work in the genre of "political theory" where history is creatively extrapolated with romantic fiction to gain favor in the court of Nasiruddin Qabacha. 1941 figure reached by combining total population of all districts (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFRehman1976 (, sfnp error: no target: CITEREFElliotDowson1872 (, "Pakistan should have adopted Punjabi as national language: Hafiz Saeed". The first contact of Muslims with India was the Arab attack on a nest of pirates near modern-day Mumbai to safeguard their trade in the Arabian Sea. [188], The Chach Nama mentions temple demolitions, mass executions of resisting Sindhi forces and the enslavement of their dependents; kingdoms ruled by Hindu and Buddhist kings were attacked, their wealth plundered, tribute (kharaj) settled and hostages taken, often as slaves to Iraq. [65] Al Hakam next invaded the Deccan in 739 AD with the intention of permanent conquest, but was decisively defeated at Navsari by the viceroy Avanijanashraya Pulakeshin of the Chalukya Empire serving Vikramaditya II. [203][note 5] Phyllis Granoff notes that "medieval Indian religious groups faced a serious crisis as invading Muslim armies sacked temples and defaced sacred image". ChinaPakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) (Chinese: ; pinyin: Zhng b jngj zulng; Urdu: ) is a collection of infrastructure projects that are under construction throughout Pakistan beginning in 2013. [215] Some Sultans adopted Indian customs such as ceremonial riding of elephants by kings, thus facilitating the public perception of the new monarch. There is also the example of Sultan Abidin (14201470) sending Kashmiri artisans to Samarqand to learn book-binding and paper making. India in the early 16th century presented a fragmented picture of rulers who lacked concern for their subjects and failed to create a common body of laws or institutions. Perhaps the most significant contribution of the Sultanate was its temporary success in insulating the subcontinent from the potential devastation of the Mongol invasion from Central Asia in the 13th century, which nonetheless led to the capture of Afghanistan and western Pakistan by the Mongols (see the Ilkhanate Dynasty). [148], In many cases, the demolished remains, rocks and broken statue pieces of temples destroyed by Delhi sultans were reused to build mosques and other buildings. The literacy rate has increased greatly over the last 40 years (see the table below). According to the memoirs of Ibn Battuta who travelled through Delhi in the 14th century, one of the previous sultans had been especially brutal and was deeply hated by Delhi's population. Multan was the ancient capital and cultural centre of the region, it was conquered by Alexander the Great after a fierce battle. See also In the Indian subcontinent, his empire stretched from the Indus at Attock all the way to the eastern Punjab. There were also Hindu and Christian minorities in the province. History The Beginning (1978-1993): Plant-I & Plant-II. [138][139] Non-Islamic festivals include Lohri, Basant and Vaisakhi, which are usually celebrated as seasonal festivals. Punjab (/pndb/ (listen); Punjabi, Urdu: , pronounced[pndb]) is one of the four provinces of Pakistan. [212], Numerous Islamic texts of that era, states Wink, also describe "forced transfer of enslaved Indian captives (ghilman-o-jawari, burda, sabaya), specially women and children" over the 11th century from Hindustan. Faisalabad's clock tower and eight bazaars were designed to represent the Union Jack.[146]. These sultanates became independent during the separation of the Bahmani Sultanate, another Muslim empire.[109]. Post acquisition, the company was renamed as Fauji Fresh 'n' Freeze Limited. The company also held first position in the overall category of Best Presented Accounts for the years 2002-2007[10], Internationally, FFC is well recognized as a member of International Fertilizer Industry Association (IFA), Arab Fertilizer Association (AFA) and United Nations Global Compact (UNGC) New York, USA. The ceremonial head of the province is the Governor, who is appointed by the President of Pakistan on the advice of the provincial Chief Minister. "Resurgence of the Baluch Movement in Pakistan: Emerging Perspectives and Challenges," in Jetly, Rajshree. Says ready to answer questions regarding the killing of senior journalist Arshad Sharif Kakatiya Kala Thoranam (Warangal Gate) built by the Kakatiya dynasty in ruins; one of the many temple complexes destroyed by the Delhi Sultanate. The Provincial Assembly of the Punjab is a unicameral legislature of elected representatives of the province of Punjab, which is located in Lahore in eastern Pakistan. The facility was designed with an annual capacity of 551,000 metric tons of urea and 445,500 metric tons of DAP, revamped to 670,000 metric tons of DAP. [24] The province's Shahi Jirga (the grand council of tribal elders[25]) and the non-official members of the Quetta Municipality,[26] according to the Pakistani narrative,[27]:80 agreed to join Pakistan unanimously on 29 June 1947;[26] however, the Shahi Jirga was stripped of its members from the Kalat State prior to the vote. This rapid demographic shift was primarily due to wide scale migration but also caused by large-scale religious cleansing riots which were witnessed across the region at the time. Punjab has the largest economy in Pakistan, contributing most to the national GDP. The Arab's hold on Makran had weakened when Arab rebels seized the province, and Hajjaj had to send three governors between 694 and 707 AD before Makran was partially recovered by 694 AD. They supplanted the Abbasid Caliphate and expanded their domains both northwards and eastwards. [67] However, in 7th NFC awards, Punjab province and Federal contributed to increase Baluchistan share more than its entitled population based share. Further, the succession struggle after the death of a Sultan usually led to political maneuvering by the next Sultan, where depending on the circumstances, the victor championed either the orthodox segment of the Islamic clergy and jurists, or gave concessions to the Hindus and other groups for support when the Sultanate facing a military threat from outside. The mission described Makran as inhospitable, and Caliph Uthman, probably assuming the country beyond was much worse, forbade any further incursions into India. Sui Northern Gas Pipelines Limited (SNGPL) (Urdu: ) was incorporated as a private limited Company in 1963 and later converted into a public limited company in January 1964 under the Companies Act 1913 of British India, now The Companies Act 2017 of Pakistan, and is listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange. "A Concise History of Afghanistan in 25 Volumes, volume 14." Notable activists include Tariq Jatala, Farhad Iqbal, Diep Saeeda, Khalil Ojla, Afzal Sahir, Jamil Ahmad Paul, Mazhar Tirmazi, Mushtaq Sufi, Biya Je, Tohid Ahmad Chattha and Bilal Shaker Kahaloon, Nazeer Kahut, This page was last edited on 3 November 2022, at 15:58. Mahmud of Ghazni had taken these doors from the famous Somnath Temple in Gujarat to Ghazni in Khorasan in 1026 AD. [210], The second half of the 13th-century witnessed raids on Hindu kingdoms by Muslim forces controlling the northwest and north India, states Peter Jackson. Succession to imperial and even provincial power, which had often become hereditary, was subject to intrigue and force. [186], While Sanskrit language and research on Vedantic philosophy faced a period of struggle, with Muslim rulers often targeting well-established and well-known educational institutions that were often suffering at the time, the traditional educational institutions in villages continued as before,[186] vernacular regional languages based on Sanskrit thrived. It borders the geopolitical regions of the Middle East and Southwest Asia, Central Asia and South Asia. Tarikh al Khulfa, Vol. Punjab has the highest Human Development Index out of all of Pakistan's provinces at 0.564.[134]. [11] During the siege of the city's citadel, the Alexander leaped into the inner area of the citadel, where he killed the Mallians' leader. [118] In the short time of just over a quarter of a century, he forged one of the largest Muslim empires of the 18th century. Copyrights 2022 Business Standard Private Ltd. All rights reserved. The ruling families of all these five sultanates were of diverse origin; the Qutb Shahi dynasty of Golconda Sultanate was of Turkmen origin,[110] the Barid Shahi dynasty of Bidar Sultanate being founded by a Turkic noble,[111] the Adil Shahi dynasty of Bijapur Sultanate was founded by a Georgian-Oghuz Turkic slave[112] while Nizam Shahi dynasty of Ahmadnagar Sultanate and Imad Shahi dynasty of Berar Sultanate were of Hindu lineage[113] (Ahmadnagar being Brahmin[113] and Berar being Kanarese[113]). [163][164][165][162][note 1] Indian scholar Rahul Ram asserts that the Rajput immigration into what is today Nepal is an undoubted fact but there can be questions in purity of blood of some leading families. [citation needed] Despite unfavourable treatment under the Muslim rule, Brahmanical education continued and was also patronised by rulers like Akbar and others. ISLAMABAD: The withholding tax (WHT) collection stood at Rs 1,534.4 billion during 2021-22 against Rs 1,237.3 billion in 2020-21, indicating a growth of 24 percent. The UfG has increased to 11.9 percent of SSGC in financial year 2020-21. [254][255] In certain cases, the Sultanate would grant a permit for repairs and construction of temples if the patron or religious community paid jizya (fee, tax). There are 7,355 units for processing of agricultural raw materials including food and feed industries. The "pagan Hindus" (Hendun-e gabr) having had the temerity to begin immolating their women and themselves, the three cities of Delhi were put to sack by Timur's soldiers. Abd al-Rahman ibn Muhammad ibn al-Ash'ath, he conquered Lahore ending the Ghaznavid empire, Persecution of Hindus Medieval persecution by Muslim rulers, Growth of Muslim Population in Medieval India, Decline of Buddhism in the Indian subcontinent, List of early HinduMuslim military conflicts in the Indian subcontinent, Islamic rulers in the Indian subcontinent, Conversion of non-Islamic places of worship into mosques, Learn how and when to remove this template message, The History of India, as Told by Its Own Historians, "The Historical Interaction between the Buddhist and Islamic Cultures before the Mongol Empire: First Muslim Incursion into the Indian Subcontinent", "The Islamic World to 1600: The Mongol Invasions (The Timurid Empire)", Volume III: To the Year A.D. 1398, Chapter: XVIII. The Ghaznavid conquests were initially directed against the Ismaili Fatimids of Multan, who were engaged in an ongoing struggle with the provinces of the Abbasid Caliphate in conjunction with their compatriots of the Fatimid Caliphate in North Africa and the Middle East; Mahmud apparently hoped to curry the favor of the Abbasids in this fashion. [148][249][250] He noted that this was not unusual in medieval India, as there were numerous recorded instances of temple desecration by Hindu and Buddhist kings against rival Indian kingdoms between 642 and 1520, involving conflict between devotees of different Hindu deities, as well as between Hindus, Buddhists and Jains. [37][38], Arabs launched several campaigns in eastern Balochistan between 661 and 681 AD. [3], Following its diversification policy, FFC ventured into financial services and food businesses during 2013, and acquired 43.15% equity stake of Askari Bank (AKBL) with a total investment of Rs. [110] The Punjab emerged as an important agricultural region, especially following the Green Revolution during the mid-1960's to the mid-1970's, has been described as the "breadbasket of both India and Pakistan". Later, Nader Shah won the allegiance of the rulers of eastern Balochistan. Dhami said the government should show generosity for the open pilgrimage to Sikh shrines left in Pakistan. [127] Its share of Pakistan's GDP was 54.7% in 2000 and 59% as of 2010. [49] The character transliterated to "Hahaj" and Alexander Cunningham had it equated to the Janjua tribe/clan. In 1665, the temple, was once again ordered to be destroyed by Mughal emperor Aurangzeb. [75] Several cement plants and a marble factory are also located there. The successive sultans of the new Sultanate did not have the support of the regional Hindu population. By mid-February the temperature begins to rise; springtime weather continues until mid-April, when the summer heat sets in. In 1799, the Sikh Empire was formally established under the rule of Ranjit Singh with its capital based in Lahore, and Punjab remained under Sikh rule until the arrival of the British Empire. The largest non-Muslim minority is Christians and make up 2,068,233 i.e. [65], Balochistan has been called a "neglected province where a majority of population lacks amenities". In 20012002 poverty incidences were at 48% and by 20052006 these were at 50.9%. [6], The Bank of Punjab was founded by Tajammal Hussain and it functions as a scheduled commercial bank, with a network of over 587 branches in major business centres throughout the country. [60] From Debal, the Arabs moved towards north along the Indus, clearing the region up to Budha. [199][213], The Delhi Sultanate started in the 13th-century and continued through the early 16th century, when the Mughal conquest replaced it. Singh also mentioned the issue of non-release of Sikh prisoners during his address. [1] Based on the exemplary dividends to the shareholders and other criteria of Karachi Stock Exchange, FFC has consistently remained in the list of top 25 best performing companies of Pakistan consecutively for 14 years since 1994. Towards this objective, FFCEL, FFC 100% owned subsidiary, is the first wind farm project of the country, with a capacity of 49.50 MWh. As examples, the Qutb mosque in Delhi shows its "reliance on disassembled temple materials", as do the Caurasi Kambha mosque near Bharatpur, the Jami Masjid at Sultankot (also called Ukha mandir mosque), the 'idgah in Bayana. [214], Some of the conquered Hindu subjects of the Delhi Sultanate served these Sultans, who states Jackson, were "doubtless usually slaves". [16], "Bank of Punjab CEO Zafar Masud, another passenger miraculously survive PIA plane crash", "Bank of Punjab earned Rs18.4 billion profit before tax in 2021", "BOP.PK | Bank of Punjab Annual Balance Sheet - WSJ", "The Bank of Punjab Business Recorder", "Bank of Punjab posts significant growth in earnings", "First Punjab Modaraba: Board of directors meeting of First Punjab Modaraba | MarketScreener", "Zafar Masud appointed Bank of Punjab President", "Bank of Punjab becomes Market Maker for Debt Securities on Pakistan bourse", "Bank of Punjab becomes Market Maker for debt securities on PSX", "Bank of Punjab Becomes Market Maker for Debt Securities on PSX", https://www.bop.com.pk/Documents/PressRelease/BOP%20PR%2027-3-19.pdf, https://www.bop.com.pk/Documents/PressRelease/BOP%20Press%20Release%2030-10-2018.pdf, https://www.bop.com.pk/Documents/PressRelease/BOP%20Press%20Release%20%2007-01-2016.pdf, The Nation, August 28, 2006: The Bank of Punjab, Daily Times, November 11, 2003: Bank of Punjab introduces e-banking, Daily Times, September 07, 2022: Unfounded complaints against the Bank of Punjab and its staff, Asia Money, Pakistan: Bank of Punjab makes a national splash, HBL, BoP, Bank Islami, U Bank ranked highest in agriculture credit performance FY22, BOP partners with MC Lahore to construct highest flag posts, Bank of Punjab Detailed company financials, National Institute of Banking and Finance, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bank_of_Punjab&oldid=1119379094, Companies listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange, All articles with bare URLs for citations, Articles with bare URLs for citations from January 2022, Articles with PDF format bare URLs for citations, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 1 November 2022, at 07:51. Islam in South Asia existed in communities along the Arab coastal trade routes in Sindh, Bengal, Gujarat, Kerala, and Ceylon. The Mali tribe together with nearby tribes gathered an army of 90,000 personnel to face Greek army. For the 20 February grand opening ceremony and opening match in Karachi, tickets have been priced between PKR1,000 to PKR6,000. 10,398 (2018) Website: ke.com.pk: Electric (KE) (Urdu: ) (formerly known as Karachi Electric Supply Company / Karachi Electric Supply Corporation Limited) is a Pakistani investor-owned utility company based in Karachi. Its numerous stone built cities, monasteries, and topes with their valuable and revered monuments and sculptures, were sacked, fired, razed to the ground, and utterly destroyed as habitations.[84]. It was repeatedly attacked in the later centuries, including by the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb. 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