Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI] /F4 20 0 R 5 0 obj >> Conduct research using a variety of primary sources to explore perspectives in the global warming . /StructTreeRoot 3 0 R /XObject << /ParentTree 14 0 R GLOBAL WARMING EFFECTS The issue of global warming has been transformed from one of concern for a small group of scientists to an item on the agenda board of world leaders. /Type /Group >> /Type /Group It has become . This results in floods, famine, cyclones and other issues. /BitsPerComponent 8 Another cause of global warming is greenhouse gases. Stippled areas reveal where more than 90 percent of the models agreed. /Type /Action Flight Center. /Font << Since 1993, NASA satellites have shown that sea levels are rising more quickly, about 3 millimeters per year, for a total sea level rise of 48 millimeters (0.16 feet or 1.89 inches) between 1993 and 2009. /BaseFont /SourceSansPro-Semibold /ExtGState << >> Global warming is already being associated with increases in the incidence of severe and extreme weather, heavy flooding, and wildfiresphenomena that threaten homes, dams, transportation networks, and other facets of human infrastructure. More importantly, perhaps, global warming is already putting pressure on ecosystems, the plants and animals that co-exist in a particular climate zone, both on land and in the ocean. What has scientists concerned now is that over the past 250 years, humans have been artificially raising the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere at an ever-increasing rate, mostly by burning fossil fuels, but also from cutting down carbon-absorbing forests. Poor countries and communities with limited abilities to adapt to these changes are expected to suffer disproportionately. Remote meteorological stations (left) and orbiting satellites (right) help scientists monitor the causes and effects of global warming. Please donate 5 to help YPTE to continue its work of inspiring young people to look after our world. /CS /DeviceRGB 141 0 R 142 0 R 143 0 R 144 0 R 145 0 R 146 0 R 147 0 R 148 0 R 149 0 R 150 0 R Western countries are doomed to the highest level of risk. Tour Presentations Templates Features Pricing Slides for Teams Slides for Developers. The energy that radiates back toward Earth heats both the lower atmosphere and the surface, enhancing the heating they get from direct sunlight. Climate change is expected to account for about 20 percent of the global increase in water scarcity this century. NASA satellites record a host of vital signs including atmospheric aerosols (particles from both natural sources and human activities, such as factories, fires, deserts, and erupting volcanoes), atmospheric gases (including greenhouse gases), energy radiated from Earths surface and the Sun, ocean surface temperature changes, global sea level, the extent of ice sheets, glaciers and sea ice, plant growth, rainfall, cloud structure, and more. The largest feedback is water vapor. For additional background on how Earths climate has changed throughout geologic time, see climatic variation and change. Global Warming refers to the increase in the average temperature of the earth's surface during the last century. /Type /Annot /F1 33 0 R Slide 3 -. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI] Some of this warming will occur even if future greenhouse gas emissions are reduced, because the Earth system has not yet fully adjusted to environmental changes we have already made. See The Oceans Carbon Balance on the Earth Observatory. The stratosphere gets warmer during solar maxima because the ozone layer absorbs ultraviolet light; more ultraviolet light during solar maxima means warmer temperatures. /Pages 2 0 R /BaseFont /SourceSansPro-Regular 16 0 obj United States Global Change Research Program. The IMD said that 11 of the 15 warmest years were during the recent past fifteen years (2004-18). (2007). >> However, this effect may be reduced when plant growth is limited by water, nitrogen, and temperature. The atmosphere today contains more greenhouse gas molecules, so more of the infrared energy emitted by the surface ends up being absorbed by the atmosphere. In the last 100 years the average temperature has gone up 0.8C. In Earths history before the Industrial Revolution, Earths climate changed due to natural causes unrelated to human activity. Scientists theorize that there may be a multi-decadal trend in solar output, though if one exists, it has not been observed as yet. When the Suns energy is at its peak (solar maxima), temperatures in both the lower atmosphere (troposphere) and the upper atmosphere (stratosphere) become warmer. Based on plausible emission scenarios, average surface temperatures could rise between 2C and 6C by the end of the 21st century. << Such direct observational evidence is limited, however, and clouds remain the biggest source of uncertainty--apart from human choices to control greenhouse gasesin predicting how much the climate will change. Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change. /Endnote /Note The question that scientists ask is, how much water vapor will be in the atmosphere in a warming world? Increases in concentrations of carbon dioxide (top) and methane (bottom) coincided with the start of the Industrial Revolution in about 1750. Clouds can both cool the planet (by reflecting visible light from the sun) and warm the planet (by absorbing heat radiation emitted by the surface). And the rate of sea level rise is accelerating. Variations in solar luminosity and their effect on the Earths climate. /A << Most often, global climate has changed because of variations in sunlight. /Type /Page << 220 0 R 221 0 R] But in the past century, another force has started to influence Earths climate: humanity. endobj Global warming is a phenomenon where the earth's average temperature rises due to increased amounts of greenhouse gases. /Contents 58 0 R tn]p R~'^sYKd'\ja.T%#m;$dw4^fuU%@U}zJo6y`/x]{LO$:pU':? These data indicate that Earths climate has changed over almost every conceivable timescale since the beginning of geologic time and that human activities since at least the beginning of the Industrial Revolution have a growing influence over the pace and extent of present-day climate change. Scientists predict the range of likely temperature increase by running many possible future scenarios through climate models. birds will get lost migrating to get food . U.S. 10 [222 0 R 223 0 R 224 0 R 225 0 R 226 0 R 227 0 R 228 0 R 229 0 R 230 0 R 231 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595.44 841.68] We know about past climates because of evidence left in tree rings, layers of ice in glaciers, ocean sediments, coral reefs, and layers of sedimentary rocks. How will Earth respond? 11 0 obj The Threat of Global Warming. stream (2006, July). Without it, the temperature of the atmospheric surface layers would be on average 30 degrees lower than the actual one. /GS38 54 0 R /Nums [0 [111 0 R 112 0 R 113 0 R 114 0 R 115 0 R 116 0 R 117 0 R 118 0 R 119 0 R 120 0 R /F9 61 0 R /Annots [70 0 R 71 0 R 72 0 R 73 0 R 74 0 R 75 0 R 76 0 R 77 0 R 78 0 R 79 0 R >> In native american men . Global Warming is the increase of Earth's average surface temperature due to effect of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide emissions from burning fossil fuels or from deforestation, which trap heat that would otherwise escape from Earth. (2006). /CS /DeviceRGB R{ImODPw]a; *#dm% [mYr,oq%^$BPIJq[z])N(sVS=W8kB, who!KmxPb x /Tabs /S 2,128 Downloads. >> 7 209 0 R 8 209 0 R 9 [210 0 R 211 0 R 212 0 R 213 0 R 214 0 R 215 0 R 216 0 R 217 0 R 218 0 R 219 0 R (NASA graphs by Robert Simmon, based on data from the NOAA Paleoclimatology and Earth System Research Laboratory.). Five categories are assessed. >> However, in the . Minh Tran. endobj /F2 34 0 R The impact of climate change on the land carbon cycle is extremely complex, but on balance, land carbon sinks will become less efficient as plants reach saturation, where they can no longer take up additional carbon dioxide, and other limitations on growth occur, and as land starts to add more carbon to the atmosphere from warming soil, fires, and insect infestations. Climate Q&A: If we immediately stopped emitting greenhouse gases, would global warming stop? >> Download. Modern global warming is the result of an increase in magnitude of the so-called greenhouse effect, a warming of Earth's surface and lower atmosphere caused by the presence of water vapour, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxides, and other greenhouse gases. >cPl{ 7xuvWWG G8Wnl,e)"BVJK']8}^p;Qr' [pF=')_0 Q',c&fgq@ d+>uVE@ ='Ji@ Many climate scientists agree that significant societal, economic, and ecological damage would result if the global average temperature rose by more than 2 C (3.6 F) in such a short time. /F 4 9 0 obj %PDF-1.5 20 0 obj /StructParents 6 It contains various pictures and vocabulary items th. /F 4 Some of the main uncertainties include the precise role of feedback processes and the impacts of industrial pollutants known as aerosols, which may offset some warming. Increasing destructiveness of tropical cyclones over the past 30 years. This inequality remains a hesitation of the past two months that many individuals in a post-social world hayles. Foucal, P., Frlich, C., Spruit, H., and Wigley, T. (2006). The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) estimates that sea levels will rise between 0.18 and 0.59 meters (0.59 to 1.9 feet) by 2099 as warming sea water expands, and mountain and polar glaciers melt. >> >> (2007 IPCC WG1 AR-4.). 1,087; Minh Tran. /S /URI What is global warming, explained. On a longer time scale, fresh water will become scarcer, especially during the summer, as mountain glaciers disappear, particularly in Asia and parts of North America. Any (1X2) (2) Economics/P1 6 NW/JUNE 2018 NSC- GRADE 10 MEMORANDUM Demo NW/JUNE/ECOM/ EMIS/6***** 3.2. << 2,019 Downloads. Forests and Climate Change: Forcings, Feedbacks, and the Climate Benefits of Forests. /ParentTreeNextKey 50 29 0 obj /F6 38 0 R An IPCC special report produced in 2018 noted that human beings and their activities have been responsible for a worldwide average temperature increase between 0.8 and 1.2 C (1.4 and 2.2 F) since preindustrial times, and most of the warming over the second half of the 20th century could be attributed to human activities. Higher sea levels will erode coastlines and cause more frequent flooding. 10 0 obj Continuing the planet's long-term warming trend, global temperatures in 2021 were 1.5 degrees Fahrenheit (0.85 degrees Celsius) above the average for NASA's baseline period, according to scientists at NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS . <> Many theories suggest that different . Greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, methane and ozone trap the incoming radiation from the sun. /Height 64 endobj /Image43 51 0 R Warmer ocean waters will hold less dissolved carbon, leaving more in the atmosphere. "Greenhouse gases like methane, nitrous oxide and most prominently carbon dioxide along with other air pollutants is the main cause for global warming." Effects- "The effects of global warming include an increase in sea levels (leading to coastal flooding), changes in precipitation (leading to more floods and droughts . endobj Canadas Athabasca Glacier has been shrinking by about 15 meters per year. The shift in seasons may already be causing the lifecycles of pollinators, like bees, to be out of synch with flowering plants and trees. Analyze global warming diagrams and resources to obtain a clear understanding of this scientific process. In a world without low clouds, the amount of emitted infrared energy escaping to space would not be too different from a world with low clouds. /MediaBox [0 0 595.44 841.68] 199 0 R 208 0 R 200 0 R 201 0 R 202 0 R 334 0 R 210 0 R 211 0 R 212 0 R 220 0 R >> /Type /Page *;Iy-7yj++Jd^a RO=A5O&@'LL-j,C-Z%Ne) Determine the specific functions (10 . Scientists arent entirely sure where and to what degree clouds will end up amplifying or moderating warming, but most climate models predict a slight overall positive feedback or amplification of warming due to a reduction in low cloud cover. /S /URI Increased fire frequency and insect infestations also release more carbon as trees burn or die and decay. In the absence of snow and ice, these areas go from having bright, sunlight-reflecting surfaces that cool the planet to having dark, sunlight-absorbing surfaces that bring more energy into the Earth system and cause more warming. New Mexico's Flagship University | The University of New Mexico It is caused be the rising amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Assignment 2: Global Warming: Cause and Mitigation. /Encoding /Identity-H 5 [183 0 R 184 0 R 185 0 R 186 0 R 187 0 R 188 0 R 189 0 R 190 0 R 191 0 R] Though people have had the largest impact on our climate since 1950, natural changes to Earths climate have also occurred in recent times. /F2 34 0 R The intermediate-emissions scenario, which assumed that emissions would stabilize by 2050 before declining gradually, projected an increase of between 2.1 and 3.5 C (3.8 and 6.3 F) by 2100. Warming temperatures are already melting a growing percentage of Arctic sea ice, exposing dark ocean water during the perpetual sunlight of summer. 239 0 R 232 0 R 233 0 R 234 0 R 240 0 R 235 0 R 236 0 R 241 0 R 310 0 R 242 0 R /Textbox /Sect /Border [0 0 0] If clouds become brighter, or the geographical extent of bright clouds expands, they will tend to cool Earths surface. Clement, A.C., Burgman, R., Norris, J.R. (2009, July 24). Blue areas have low amounts, while yellow regions are rich in anthropogenic carbon dioxide. They radiate in all directions. /Rect [39.755009 728.98334 555.245 750.18604] Luthcke, S.B., Zwally, H.J., Abdalati, W., Rowlands, D.D., Ray, R.D., Nerem, R.S., Lemoine, F.G., McCarthy, J.J., and Chinn, D.S. Those species, and in some cases, entire ecosystems, that cannot quickly migrate or adapt, face extinction. 4 0 obj Study the table below and answer the questions that follow . Heat Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. 151 0 R 152 0 R 153 0 R 154 0 R 155 0 R 156 0 R] /G3 16 0 R Changes to one part of the climate system can cause additional changes to the way the planet absorbs or reflects energy. /Image35 49 0 R /Type /Action 7 0 obj /ExtGState << This analysis focuses on population aging, population age categories in % (age pyramids), and overall population growth. /Tabs /S /S /URI /Producer >> Global warming, the phenomenon of increasing average air temperatures near Earths surface over the past one to two centuries, happens mostly in the troposphere, the lowest level of the atmosphere, which extends from Earths surface up to a height of 611 miles. More from Minh Tran. By the end of 2021 they had risen to 416 ppm, and, if fossil fuels continue to be burned at current rates, they are projected to reach 550 ppm by the mid-21st centuryessentially, a doubling of carbon dioxide concentrations in 300 years. /Subtype /Link Modern global warming is the result of an increase in magnitude of the so-called greenhouse effect, a warming of Earths surface and lower atmosphere caused by the presence of water vapour, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxides, and other greenhouse gases. 213 0 R 214 0 R 215 0 R 216 0 R 217 0 R 221 0 R 218 0 R 219 0 R 222 0 R 223 0 R /Type /Action >> /F 4 /F1 33 0 R >> /StructParents 3 (NASA graph by Robert Simmon, based on data from the ACRIM Science Team.). Wv ],Y-C*IBPQxzi Rn*1W'%wh^NI~k-"K@xw$sV{T_>SBx QGTN' *2HTN*t ycR]f%dO8V$yeJQT;>-}?VWf{>Y* lj/.ru}haJ ]I&iQn*-Brs&8E|> PZo7eE.X+Y GR6IW)|6,%GnLW})*#b+'>f(JQCY eM.ZFsjDb0G+H? Atmosphere /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI] /Font << /A << /Font << /Type /Pages (NASA Astronaut Photograph STS31-E-9552 courtesy Johnson space Center Earth Observations Lab.). Satellite measurements reveal that the Greenland and West Antarctic ice sheets are shedding about 125 billion tons of ice per yearenough to raise sea levels by 0.35 millimeters (0.01 inches) per year. It takes decades to centuries for Earth to fully react to increases in greenhouse gases. JFIF C ! /Creator >> /F1 33 0 R 28 0 obj /A << 8 0 obj By Minh Tran. Once the growing season ends, shorter, milder winters fail to kill dormant insects, increasing the risk of large, damaging infestations in subsequent seasons. << Climate models are designed to simulate the responses and interactions of the oceans and atmosphere, and to account for changes to the land surface, both natural and human-induced. c;T$4FsrBtES0|\C;c&M>|H Please do not copy and paste sentences or diagrams from the climate notes or any Internet site. Satellite measurements of daily (light line) and monthly average (dark line) total solar irradiance since 1979 have not detected a clear long-term trend. deck. >> 4 182 0 R On the ground, many agencies and nations support networks of weather and climate-monitoring stations that maintain temperature, rainfall, and snow depth records, and buoys that measure surface water and deep ocean temperatures. /Annotation /Sect The higher estimates are made on the assumption that the entire world will continue using more and more fossil fuel per capita, a scenario scientists call business-as-usual. More modest estimates come from scenarios in which environmentally friendly technologies such as fuel cells, solar panels, and wind energy replace much of todays fossil fuel combustion. An assessment of the relative impact and risks connected with global warming. Hardest hit will be those living in low-lying coastal areas, and residents of poorer countries who do not have the resources to adapt to changes in temperature extremes and water resources. 15 312 0 R 16 313 0 R 17 313 0 R 18 314 0 R 19 314 0 R /ToUnicode 337 0 R << Stainforth, D. A., Aina, T., Christensen, C., Collins, M., Faull, N., Frame, D. J., Kettleborough, J. For example, two major volcanic eruptions, El Chichon in 1982 and Pinatubo in 1991, pumped sulfur dioxide gas high into the atmosphere. Scientists have shown that human emissions of greenhouse gases are pushing global temperatures up, and many aspects of climate are responding to the warming in the way that scientists predicted they would. << 97. Tracks South of Alaska to learn how aerosols can make clouds brighter. Plant or animal by 2040 if we are making Earths atmosphere a more efficient greenhouse, emit. Are reduced, contributing to continuing warming availability to crop productivity throughout the world energy! 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