With the arrival of the Christ came sweeping changes to this. While its great that all of a sudden so many non-Catholics start quoting the early Church Fathers, its not right to quote them on this and then not on the Eucharist, the papacy, or the supremacy of Rome, all which prove that the Catholic Church was the only Church around in those days. The Apocrypha constitute seven of the 73 books that make up the Bible that is used in Roman Catholicism. Revelation 22:19 But then Protestants come along and around 1520 AD and they claim that the early Church got the 73 book canon wrong. 1 Then what advantage has the Jew? Very interesting and very well put together! And note that Jews in other parts of the world who werent around to hear the Council of Jamnias decision in A.D. 100 include to this day those extra 7 books in their canon. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); The Bible: 66 books vs 73 and Why (the Apocrypha Explained). (So there is precedent for Protestants called them the Apocrypha.). So, there you go. They will worship with sacrifices and grain offerings; they will make vows to the LORD and keep them. The Church didnt consider the Deuterocanon scripture until quite late; no more than a few hundred years between the 12th century and Trent. Out of these 27 books, 4 are stories giving a piece of good news, that is, John, Mathew, Luke, and mark. Consider 1 Cor 11:19. All materials are posted on the site strictly for informational and educational purposes! Further as weve already seen the Jews never considered the deuterocanonical books scripture. In the bible, the number 7 denotes perfection (God rested on the 7th day, 7 spirits that minister to God, 7 sacraments), and the number 3 represents the Holy Trinity. In Tobit, we learn about the Archangel Raphael (a name which means God Heals), the only place in the entire bible where he is mentioned. A: The Protestant translation of the Old Testament is missing seven books that are included in the Catholic Bible: Baruch, Judith, 1 and 2 Maccabees, Sirach, Tobit, and Wisdom. Jesus simply proved the resurrection to them (see Matthew 22:31-32) from the book of Exodus. On the other hand, there are many references indeed from the deuterocanonicals in the New Testament. Preceding the list of books is this statement: It professes that one and the same God is the author of the old and the new Testament that is, the law and the prophets, and the gospel since the saints of both testaments spoke under the inspiration of the same Spirit. And so to the victor goes the canon. 1 Maccabees 9:27 Thus there was great distress in Israel, such as had not been since the time that prophets ceased to appear among them. Here is the evidence from the other side. Questions may be sent to Father Kenneth Doyle . They would eat the same food in exactly the same way as their rabbi. Following are the strongest and most common reason Catholics cite that the Deuterocanon should be in the Bible. There are places in the Bible that clearly refer to Egypt in a metaphorical/symbolic sense, and never good. New Testament: 181,253 words. Its not hard to imagine the Apostles doing the same thing. Why does the Protestant church/es argue against or not put the same 7 books in Bible? While some Jews might have accepted the Deuterocanon (notably the Jews in Egypt/Alexandria who had completely succumbed to the surrounding Greek culture) There is no evidence that majority of Jews did. Such a major decision should have required a full Ecumenical Council of the Bishops. Gary Michuta gives an updated and extended version of the authoritative work he has done on this significant topic in his book titled Why Catholic Bibles Are Bigger. Again, the Deuterocanon werent officially declared scripture by the Catholic Church until the mid 15th century. Those three councils did not infallibly define the canon of scripture for the whole Church. For the record, Jesus took the Kingdom away from the Jews (Matthew 21:43), and gave it to Peter and His new Church (Matthew 16:18), so the Jewish Council of Jamnia had no Godly authority to decide anything in 90 AD. Love reading your articles, brother. One of the better translations thats available with the Dueterocanon is the RSV. God Himself weighed in on the OT canon through a few OT prophets. Catholic Sacred Tradition is built on the papal messages and decisions taken later from the seven Ecumenical Councils. While many Catholics accepted the Apocrypha earlier, the Roman Catholic Church officially added the Apocrypha to their Bible at the Council of Trent in the mid 1500's A.D., primarily in response to the Protestant Reformation. Its important also to note that the discovery of the Dead Sea Scrolls included the book of Tobit and the book of Sirach, proving that the people back then thought them canonical, because they were found with the book of Isaiah and other Old Testament books. EDIT: You can read it here: Is the Catholic Church Infallible? Also, you make an interesting point. This was only for the best of the best. St. Jerome initially had some concerns about these books, saying that the Palestinian Jews didnt consider them canonical, but St. Jerome was not infallible, and later agreed that they were. You rightly mention Yehovas bending the edict for living in Egypt with regard to Jesus. What Does Synod Mean In The Catholic Church? However, it is actually a compilation of 66 different books written by 40 different authors. This exact same list was restated during the Council of Trent in the mid 16th century. He is the King of Israel; let him come down now from the cross, and we will believe in him. Honestly, the strongest evidence of this comes from Maccabees. The Deuterocanon were considered good books, just not scripture. Balfour Heights The three most commonly cited councils are: These three councils did indeed list the canon of the Bible. However, if youre going to listen to Jewish tradition, maybe start with which books of the Bible are canon . The Catholic Bible is composed of the 46 books of the Old Testament (with the deuterocanonical books) and the 27 books of the New Testament . Or another way of asking the question: Josephus makes the same argument I made earlier in the article. Further, the stated reason is because there were no prophets (a fact which Macabbees states quite plainly in several places.). (Parenthetical statements and emphasis added.). The Catholics say the Septuagint contains the 7 extra books that are the topic of this article. The Longer Ending of Mark (16:9-20); Was it Original or Added. However, in the two passages I quoted this clearly isnt the case. There are 1,189 chapters within the 66 books that make up the modern Bible. Those books arent considered canon by the Catholic Church OR Protestants. The clincher, of course, is that Jesus Himself observed the feast of Hannukah, or the Dedication of the Temple, in John 10. Would the Pharisees have let the Septuagint be read in a synagogue since it was create by disobeying the explicit command of God? Ergo, the Septuigint translators stayed for a limited time, or visit. Thus far constitutes the Old Testament. I want to be 100% clear, I am NOT saying the Church rejected the Deuterocanonical books in the early centuries. Apocrypha. Bible Books & Letters: Determining how many books make up the Bible first of all depends on which version of the Bible you are reading or refering to. It is better to give alms than to treasure up gold. To say that the Jews did NOT accept those books is not totally true. . By comparison, the books of the Catholic Bible include all 66 in the previous list plus seven extra books. It literally connected Cannan Egypt and Assyria. 20 How can a book be inspired by God, when the book itself claims that the Holy Spirit didnt inspire anyone during the time it was written? Any Protestant denomination who does not understand that they are in fact relying on their own tradition to interpret scripture, according to their own particular doctrine, is simply lying to themselves. Meaning that the Catholic Bible contains 73 books in total, as opposed to the Protestant's 66 books which refuses them. Whereas the Pharisees accepted the books of the Law and the Prophets. The Hebrew Bible never contained these writings. This next quote is from The New Advent Catholic Encyclopedia published in 1907. All this discussion clearly shows that the Bible is NOT the Word of God. The word translated Jot is the Greek word (ita) can refer to two things: 2503 ita (jot in the KJV) yd, the smallest Hebrew (Aramaic) letter (Souter). Among the accomplishments of the Anshei Knesset HaGedolah were finalizing the contents of the Tanach, the 24-Book Hebrew Bible, instituting the Shemoneh Esray Prayer (recited at least three times daily, and ultimately to serve as a substitute for the Temple Sacrifices), and the enacting of many Laws to protect and bolster the observance of the Torah Commands. we are not acting irregularly, if from the books, The canonical books of the Old Testament are twenty-two, the Old Testament was settled by Ezra the priest into twenty-two books, Of the Old Testament there are twenty-two books, there are two and twenty books of the Old Testament, There are two and twenty books of the Old Testament, that there might be as many books in the Law as there are letters, New Advent Catholic Encyclopedia article on Ecumenical councils, explanation of what jot and Tittle mean, Is the Catholic Church Infallible? And here is a timeline map you can scroll through empires. Like writers today, the Bible authors alluded to popular works of the day to make a point. The word translated Tittle is the Greek word (keraia) and the Strong definition is: (WH (see their Appendix, p. 151)), , (), a little horn; extremity, apex, point; used by the Greek grammarians of the accents and diacritical points. So the question is why would we trust those 73 books? In fact, when Jesus addressed the Diaspora Jews (who spoke Greek) he quoted from the Septuagint version of the scriptures. So, why these 66 books? What about the Apostles? This "original" Bible contained 80 books, including the Apocrypha, which means hidden. There are 31,102 verses in the Bible, which is made up of 23,145 verses in the Old Testament and 7,957 verses in the New Testament. You need only remember the number 3. Another name for the Septuagint is the Alexandrian Canon. I hope they make sense. The following items may be found in this section: 1 Esdras (Vulgate 3 Esdras), Judith (which is spelled Judeth in Geneva), The remainder of Esther (Esther 10:416:24 in the Vulgate), Ecclesiasticus, which is often referred to as Sirach, Baruch and the Epistle of Jeremy (known as Jeremiah in Geneva) (both of which are included in the Vulgate version of Baruch). In Matthew 5:18 [1]where see Wetstein; cf. But strangely, Luther gets a pass on doing that exact same thing. They even referenced Pagan books in the New Testament. I havent seen anyone place the date any later than 130 BC, and 132 is a common date of completion. AnswerThere are seventy-three books in the Canon of the Catholic Bible; forty-six in the Old Testament and twenty-seven in the New Testament. Please double check me on the New Advent Catholic Encyclopedia article on Ecumenical councils. Catholics, I recommend you stop reading here. They are His divine revelation. Catholics will often say that the canon of Scripture was decided early. Jerome said there are only 22 books in the Old Testament, though he allows for the modern Jewish 24 book division too. Sirach teaches quite plainly that sin entered the world through a woman (Eve). It was first proposed as in he said what if there was a council of Jamnia? to have happened by Heinrich Graetz in 1871. Further, we know they were schooled in Hebrew. No. The rest of the books include the seven letters, stories of the lives of apostles, and the revelations. The letter arrived in at the temple in Jerusalem along with an envoy and lavish gifts. The Apocryphal books also teach some practices that are inconsistent with Scripture's teachings. Or is it rather not more important that these parables teach important theological lessons than it is for them to be 100% historically accurate? The assumption is not that Jesus used the the Septuagint. Catholic Bible includes the Apocrypha. It it possible (and I think likely) the Deuterocanon was considered scripture by the majority of the Catholic Church earlier. Not exactly true. Did the Spirit of Truth make a mistake when it let the Church believe the 7 documents were infallible when they were not? Of course they would also be able to speak Greek because it was the trade language of the world in Jesus day. Just a thought by a humble follower of God the Father, God the Son and God the Holy Spirit . 24 Catholics say the Church put the Bible together. The Jews especially the Pharisees took this care because the scriptures mattered. The Septuagint version was the Bible of the Greek-speaking, or Hellenist, Jews, whose intellectual and literary center was Alexandria. fascinating article.very well researched and written. Its disingenuous to treat them a homogeneous group. So this method employed by first century Jews would automatically exclude all of the Gospels, and the Epistles of the New Testament, which were also written in the first century. We know from the Mishnah (the written record of oral tradition at Jesus time and afterward) among other places that Jewish children were schooled this way. Romans 1:19-25 is also referenced in Wisdom 12-13. These seven works are Tobit, Judith, the first and second Maccabees, Wisdom of Solomon, Sirach (or Wisdom of Jesus the Son of Sirach), and Baruch. Writers living at a given period in history tend to reflect the current language of the day. What differs between Catholic Bibles and Protestant Bibles is the Old Testament. If the Church errored in the 73 book canon did God wait from 382 AD until 1520 before He restored the real truth? If youd like to arrange a debate on the issue Abe, Id be happy to refute these arguments, as well as show positive proof for the deuterocanonicals necessarily being scripture. Then the translation began. See my article: Is the Catholic Church Infallible? Thus, they exist. Let me just take one disagreement between Catholic and Protestant. The Bible references a LOT of different non-cannon works. I know little so my thoughts may be wrong yet they trouble me. They could not have been written after the time of Ezra (around 400 BC); 4. 23 No one quite knows when the rest of the Old Testament was translated into the Septuagint. One church doesnt necessarily mean they all march in lock-step doctrinally. This is the full list of the New Testament books of the Catholic Bible: The Gospels according to Matthew, Mark, Luke and John The Acts of the Apostles The Letters of St. Paul to the Romans, 1 and 2 Corinthians, Galatians, Ephesians, Philippians, Colossians, 1 and 2 Thessalonians, 1 and 2 Timothy, Titus, and Philemon It turns out God Himself made the Canon of the Old Testament clear. Consider how zealous the Pharisees were on even the tiniest portions of the Law. But the count is actually much closer. The Bible was originally translated from Latin into English in 1611. In total, these constitute seven volumes. Alexandria during the time of translation of the Septuagint was a kingdom of Greece and Alexandria itself was not established until after Alexander the Great conquered that part of Egypt which was then under Persian control for the previous 200 years. But like most of the comments here, I would look towards why those books were excluded by the Protestants with the proper evidences, hundreds of years later instead of why theyre still around as they it were originally. Ptolemy, a former general and the satrap of Egypt, was the first to challenge the new system; this led to the demise of Perdiccas. A Catholic Bible consists of the whole 73-book canon recognized and accepted by the Catholic Church, inclusive of the deuterocanonical books. 73 for the Catholic Bible. Because they were regional councils and NOT ecumenical councils, the Catholic teaching of infallible in matters of faith and morals does NOT apply to them. Jewish children where schooled in Hebrew and studied the Hebrew scriptures. But a shameful daughter might not be able to obtain a high bride-price, and maybe not even obtain a husband at all; unless her father pays a man to take her, and hence the birth of an (eventually) undisciplined/shameful daughter is a loss. I have seen no proof of this yet, otherwise I would be Catholic. It was given a Nihil Obstat by a Doctor of Sacred Theology, and an Imprimatur by an Archbishop. According to the Early Church Fathers and Josephus, the Sadducees only accepted the Books of Moses as Scripture. No, and Heres Proof, Yes, The Bible CLEARLY Says Sex Outside of Marriage is Wrong, A Complete, 100% English Introduction to Koine Greek (with Examples in English), Patronage and Reciprocity: The Context of Grace in the New Testament, Is the Catholic Church Infallible? Indeed it is easy to take a section of Scripture out of context, which you have unfortunately done. Brushing up on scripture 3 times daily prevents truth decay, and is mental floss for your brain. The Catholic Bible contains a total of 73 books, 46 in the Old Testament . Many people who live in America came from Mexico and thus speak Spanish as a first language. At this time, some controversy still existed over what are called the seven "deuterocanonical books" Tobit, Judith, Wisdom, Sirach, Baruch, and I & II Maccabees although they had been incorporated in their entirety or at least partially in versions of the Septuagint, the official Greek translation of the Old Testament (c. 100 BC). These animals are clearly further down the hierarchy than man, whereas Babylonians and Greeks worshipped Demons, who possess the same rational intellect as Angels. Sir. This includes the four Gospels, the Acts of the Apostles, the Epistles, and the Book of Revelation. So theres no help from the extant copies of the Bible to support those exact 7. (Edward Reuss, Canon of the Holy Scriptures, p.257), Hugh of St. Victor (12th Century): As there are twenty-two alphabetic letters, by means of which we write in Hebrew, and speak what we have to say, so twenty-two books are reckoned, by means of which the yet tender infancy of our man is instructed, while it yet hath need of milk. (Didascalicae Eruditionis, 4.80). No, and Heres Proof, New Advent Catholic Encyclopedia article on the Apocrypha, http://www.tertullian.org/decretum_eng.htm, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seleucid_Empire#Partition_of_Alexander's_empire, https://i.pinimg.com/originals/4b/6c/dc/4b6cdc492f87e0042d16c4b89b9084ac.jpg, https://www.timemaps.com/history/ancient-egypt-500bc/, Click here to jump to the point in the article where I list those quotes, List of Pro-Trinity/Deity of Christ Bible Passages. They wouldnt put that much work into copying the scriptures then not use them. This canon was decided by a great council called the Anshei Knesset HaGedolah. Whether this was a regional council or not, most of the Church including Augustine used it. The first is Genesis, then Exodus, next Leviticus, after that Numbers, and then Deuteronomy. This 22 book canon (identical to the Protestant Old Testament) was the Old Testament canon used by many of the early church fathers. Were those 7 books removed by the Protestants, or added by the Catholics? and comparisons with Jewish, Roman Catholic Bibles. (It has a Nihil Obstat by a Doctor of Sacred Theology, and an Imprimatur by an Archbishop from 1907). I would also like to point out this this quote is from a POPE from the 7th Century. According to the legend, each of the 72 translators (6 from each tribe) was put in a separate room to translate the Hebrew Law (The first 5 books of our Old Testament). They contain only some of the list. The authors of four Biblical books three of which were prophets attended the council that decided once and for all the Hebrew Bible (Tanach). He also said he would give it the Holy Spirit to guide it in all truth. Jerome says the Old Testament is identical to the Protestant Old Testament. Thanks again for putting this information together! In The Bible Is a Catholic Book, Jimmy shows how the Bible cannot exist apart from the Church. Following these there is Joshua, the son of Nun, then Judges, then Ruth. Good books, possibly. Eve did sin first so the From a woman sin had its beginning phrase is correct. Biblical Studies Foundation has received so many questions concerning the number of books in the Bible that we are delighted to have been given permission to use chapter 8 in Erwin Lutzer's book, The Doctrines That Divide: A Fresh Look at the Historic Doctrines That Separate Christians (Kregel Publications: Grand Rapids, 1998).
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